By 2025, my country's new materials will achieve 10 trillion, and these three directions will definitely explode
En af de nye materialeretninger: letvægtsmaterialer
1. Kulfiber
Carbon fiber materials are used in aerospace, wind power, sports and leisure, automobiles and other fields with their excellent properties. They are the most widely used and market-oriented materials in the field of new materials, and are known as "the king of new materials". The global carbon fiber market demand has grown rapidly in recent years, and my country has also seized the opportunity to develop into the world's second largest carbon fiber producer.
However, compared with foreign countries, my country's carbon fiber industry still has the problems of low capacity utilization, few high-end products, and difficult application and development. The downstream industry still relies heavily on imported carbon fiber products. In the current international environment, realizing the dual autonomy of carbon fiber scale production and application development is the key to enhancing my country's national defense and manufacturing strength and ensuring the stability of the supply chain.
Carbon fiber is a carbon backbone structure inorganic fiber with a carbon content higher than 90 percent formed by the pyrolysis and carbonization of organic fibers such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN) (or pitch, viscose) in a high temperature environment, as a high-performance material. Produced in the 1960s.
Kulfiber har fremragende mekaniske egenskaber og kemisk stabilitet: som fiberen med den højeste specifikke styrke (styrkespecifik densitet) og den højeste specifikke stivhed (modulusspecifik densitet) blandt de høje-fibre, der i øjeblikket er masse{{1 }}produceret, kulfiber er en vigtig del af rumfart, vindkraft. Ideelt materiale til vinger, nye energikøretøjer og andre områder med letvægtskrav. Karakteristikaene for korrosionsbestandighed, høj temperaturbestandighed og lille ekspansionskoefficient gør det til en erstatning for metalmaterialer i barske miljøer; desuden udvider de elektriske og termiske konduktivitetsegenskaber dens anvendelse inden for kommunikationselektronik.
I henhold til antallet af filamenter i hvert bundt af kulfibre er kulfibre generelt opdelt i to kategorier: lille blår og stor blår. Lille blår har bedre ydeevne, men højere pris og bruges generelt inden for-højteknologiske områder, såsom rumfarts- og militærindustrien, såvel som avancerede-sportsartikler; stort blår har en lavere pris og bruges ofte i basale industrier, herunder civilt byggeri, transport og energiudstyr mv.
Global kapacitetsskala og efterspørgselsforventninger
In 2020, the global carbon fiber operating capacity is 171,650 tons, an increase of 16,750 tons compared with 2019, a growth rate of 10.8 percent . The United States, China, and Japan assumed the main production capacity, accounting for 21.7 percent , 21.1 percent , and 17.0 percent , respectively. At present, the major manufacturers still have about 80,000 tons/year of unfinished expansion plans, which also reflects the manufacturers' optimistic expectations for the industry's prospects.
Med hensyn til efterspørgsel er de fire store anvendelsesindustrier på kulfibermarkedet rumfart, vindkraftvinger, sport og fritid og biler. I 2020 vil de fire downstream-industrier stå for mere end 70 procent af efterspørgslen efter kulfiber og mere end 76 procent af outputværdien.
Since 2015, the industry estimates that the world's carbon fiber demand has maintained a growth of about 12 percent , but due to the impact of the epidemic, the global demand for carbon fiber in 2020 will total 107,000 tons, an increase of only 3 percent compared to 2019. The total sales amount was about 2.615 billion US dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 8.8 percent , mainly due to the slump in the aviation industry caused by the epidemic, which affected the sales of high-value high-performance carbon fiber. The wind power field has become the main driving force for the industry to maintain growth, and the demand for carbon fiber has maintained an annual growth of 20 percent despite the epidemic.
In the short term, the recovery of the world aviation industry and the large-scale laying of wind power equipment in 2021 can bring the carbon fiber market back to the channel of rapid growth. In the long run, the aviation industry needs to digest the excess capacity in 2020, and wind power will continue to be the main driving force for the growth of the carbon fiber market in the future. In October 2020, representatives of more than 400 wind energy companies around the world jointly issued the "Wind Energy Beijing Declaration", planning to add more than 50 million kilowatts of installed capacity in 2020-2025.
I forbindelse med de store vindkraftproducenters udvidelse af produktionen er anvendelsen af kulfiber i vindmøller endnu ikke blevet udrullet i stor skala, og kun verdens vindkraftgigant Vestas har dannet en stor- skalaapplikation. Efterhånden som andre vindkraftselskaber udvikler applikationer til kulfiberkompositter, vil efterspørgslen efter kulfiber i vindkraftindustrien sandsynligvis vokse eksponentielt. Det anslås, at i 2025 vil den samlede efterspørgsel efter kulfiber i verden overstige 200,000 tons, svarende til en årlig vækstrate på 13,3 procent.